31- Captain Ernest M. Chamberlain, 951st Artillery During Battle of the Bulge

The 951st Field Artillery Battalion landed on Utah Beach in Normandy on June 12, 1944 and blasted their way through France. They had recently survived the grueling Battle of the Hurtgen Forest where some Infantry Divisions suffered 75% casualties. At the German border, its massive artillery barrages destroyed the pillboxes and bunkers of the heavily fortified Siegfried Line. It shelled the German town of Aachen into submission as the 1st and 30th Infantry Divisions moved through the town, house to house.

Captain Ernest M. Chamberlain is the author of “Battalion History 951st F. A. Bn.”. In this post, print in blue are quotations from his writing from one chapter of that history, “Chapter V  Ardennes”.

Aachen, Germany

Aachen was secured on October 21, 1944. It was the first German city to fall to the Allied forces. The Aachen sector was heavily fortified and felt secure. Everyone thought that victory was close and that the worst of the war with Germany was over. They were wrong.

“Aachen as a Christmas present for Hitler”

During the past few days things had been happening. Big things! A reinvigorated Luftwaffe had covered a concentrated and desperate effort by the Germans to drive “Aachen as a Christmas present for Hitler”.

Captain Ernest Chamberlain, M Sgt W. Yoakum & M Sgt J. Tewell

The “reinvigorated Lufwaffe” refers to Operation Bodenplatte, where the Germans gathered every remaining plane they had to support the breakthrough. The Allies had seen almost no German planes for months, suddenly the sky was full of them. This was the first sign to the men of the 951st that something big was happening.

It was a story prisoners had told a few days before and we laughed. How could they think of such a thing, besides what would he want Aachen for any how? It was different now, the line, our line, down south had been pierced.

Complacency shifted to sheer shock as the German Ardennes Counteroffensive shattered the illusion that Aachen was secure. 

The quiet sector to which units had had it rough on the line went for a time to rest and refit— That sector exploded right open.

The Ardennes was a ghostly quiet forest area with an 80 mile front defended by about 80,000 US Soldiers. Preventing frost bite and fighting boredom was their biggest concern. However, on the morning of December 16, 1944, the Germans unleashed a 90-minute artillery barrage across their entire front and suddenly the Ardennes was overrun by 250,000 German troops and about 1,400 tanks. Their goal was to split the Allied armies and capture Antwerp, the port that supplied the Allies. This would trap Montgomery’s Anglo-Canadian 21st Army and the US First Army, (including the 951 Artillery), without supplies, between German Forces and the sea.

Malmedy Massacre

Malmendy, Belgium, on the northern edge of the German offensive, was about 24 miles south of the 951st Artillery’s position at Aachen, Germany.

On December 17, 1944, the 1st SS Panzer Division intercepted a convoy of the U S 285th Field Artillery Observation Battalion at the Baugnez crossroads two miles southeast of Malmedy. After a brief firefight, the Americans surrendered and were gathered in a field. Germany’s main armored column continued their westward advance, while a small guard detail remained. The guards opened fire on the prisoners, killing 84 unarmed Americans. About 43 escaped by playing dead or running into the nearby woods. Many survivors fled northwest to the American held line in Malmedy. The news spread quickly giving a chilling realization of the enemy they were up against.

Black dots movement of the 951st, Black solid 951st counter offensive, Yellow Extent of “Bulge”, Blue: Locations: 1- Maffe, 2- Noiseux, 3- Verdenne, 4- Erezee, 5- Grandmenil-Manhay

Sixty- three miles to Maffe

On December 21 the 951st received new orders and became part of VII Corps. They moved to the outskirts of Aachen. The town of 165,000 had been evacuated of its residents when the Allied army approached in September. Personnel billeted overnight in houses. The houses were in good shape considering the damage most of the city had suffered.

The 951st convoy moved out the next day, (December 22). Imagine towing twelve massive 155mm howitzers each weighing 6 tons through rivers of mud. The weather had turned cold again with freezing rain, snow and patches of thick fog. Visibility was almost zero as the thick forest trees blocked out any remaining light.

951st in Belgium 1944

The survey truck of Baker Company ran into the rear end of the Antiaircraft unit’s halftrack due to the heavy fog. Cpl. Jimenz was injured and sent to the nearby hospital.

It was a long slow tiresome trip. It inched its way out of Germany, passed over roads which but a few months before, the unit had been cheerfully pressing east. Now it was a tedious journey. Buzz bombs could be clearly spotted overhead. It was cold. Midnight came and went and the column was still pressing along the road.

Huge traffic jams occurred as units were traveling in both directions as they scrambled to reach their new positions. Road markings were not clear and instructions were often confusing. Some of the unit was told to take one road others of the unit were given different instructions.

Finally that morning (23 December) all elements of the units were located and brought into camp which was about a mile and a half south of Maffe, Belgium. Everyone was ready to stop then and get a good sleep. Men were cold and stiff. All were covered with a thick layer of frost.

Operation Stosser

The enemy parachutists in our rear area were a great inconvenience. Local security again was stressed as it had never been stressed before. All important roads had road blocks. Passwords and replies as printed on the orders were not always the ones that the guards asked. More often when stopped you were confronted with such a question as, “Who is Blondie’s hubby?” or “How many bits in a dollar?”

German plane wreckage

Aside from the confusion it caused, the German’s Operation Stosser was a complete disaster. It was a failed attempt to parachute in 1300 German soldiers 7 miles north of Malmedy.  (Just 17 miles south of the 951st position at Aachen.) Hitler ordered the group to be made up from pieces of several different units to avoid alerting the Allies of the imminent counter offensive. The objective was to seize the crossroads to block American reinforcements from reaching Malmedy and hold until relieved by the 12th SS Panzer Division.

The drop was made on December 17 in bad weather without first conducting reconnaissance or taking aerial photographs. The new unit had never trained together. The pilots were inexperienced, many had never flown in combat. Some of the paratroopers had never jumped from a plane. Many planes went off course. Only a fraction of the force landed near the intended drop zone. Two hundred and fifty were dropped over Bonn about 50 miles east of the target.

Because of the extensive dispersal of the drop, Fallschirmjäger (paratroopers) were reported all over the Ardennes, and the Allies believed a major division-sized jump had taken place, causing the Americans much confusion and convincing them to allocate men to secure the rear instead of facing the main German thrust at the front.  An entire U.S. 18th infantry regiment of 3000 men along with an armored combat command of 300 tanks and 2,000 men searched several days for the German force.1

It was the night before Christmas

On Christmas Eve the battalion was committed about a half mile south of Noiseux. It was on a long gently dropping forward slope. Headquarters was sitting high on the hill side and the firing batteries were farther down the slope. The rear echelon remained in the position that the entire battalion had been the previous day.

On December 24, 1944 the 951st moved into Noiseux and were setting up their three firing batteries, Able, Baker and Charlie companies. Each battery manned four 155mm howitzers. The rear echelon remained in Maffe, about 7 miles north.

The enemy had plans of its own and the breach in the line kept growing and the troops were of necessity thrown into the line as they arrived.

The “Bulge” was rapidly expanding and the German army was racing to get its grip on all major crossroad towns.

St. Vith was attacked on December 16 and fell to the Germans December 21. American Forces held off the Germans for five days, greatly delaying their progress. However, seven or eight thousand American Soldiers were captured and were now German prisoners.

General Anthony McAuliffe

At Bastogne, about 25 miles south-east of the 951st Artillery’s position at Noiseux, the 101st Airbourne division was completely surrounded. On December 22nd the Germans ordered an “honorable surrender” within 2 hours, or the town of Bastogne and all Americans would be annihilated by German artillery. To this ultimatum, Brigadier General Anthony McAuliffe gave his famous response, “NUTS!”. On Christmas Eve the Americans in Bastogne were enduring intense aerial bombing by the Luftwaffe.

On December 24th Germany’s 2nd Panzer Division bypassed Bastogne and pushed the bulge 50 miles west. They reached the villages of Celles and Foy-Notre-Dame and were nearing the Meuse River to capture bridges that would allow them to push toward their ultimate objective of Antwerp.

That night, just 15 miles west of the 951st position, the villages of Grandmanil and Manhay fell to German forces. Elements of the 2nd SS Panzer Division “Das Reich” overwhelmed American defenders from the 7th Armored Division, forcing them to withdraw.

The 951st position at Noiseux was 6 miles north of Marche, one of the critical crossroads. On Christmas Eve, the German 116th Panzer Division launched a major assault. Their tanks were held off at Hotton which they bypassed and headed west to where they captured the town of Verdenne.

The Battle of Verdenne

The U.S. 84th Infantry made a counter attack in Verdenne involving brutal house to house combat. They were the main line of defense between the Germans and the Marche-en-Famenne crossroads.  Verdenne was well within the 9 mile range of the 951st’s howitzers. The concentrated German armor in open areas was perfectly suited for their observed fire, but first they had to position forward observers.

Lt. Odor left as forward observer with T/4 Dunn and Cpl. MacLeod as driver. The Infantry Battalion command post was in a large two story house which sat very challengingly on the top of a low ridge. To approach it even from the rear, it was necessary to travel down a long narrow road which was open to enemy observation. The forward observation party had just traveled down this road and just started going up the hill toward the house when shells began exploding all around. They crawled up the hill to the building where they made themselves known to the infantry.

The Heinies had infiltrated some tanks and infantry thru the lines and were concentrating in the woods on the next ridge. A tank could be seen at times and was causing some damage. An observation post was established up in the hayloft above the house. The mission was soon cleared, regardless of the fact that it was behind our front line lines. A battery was adjusted on the area and at the end of the mission the infantry requested the concentration be repeated. The results of the firing were excellent.

The forward observer party then moved on to the 84th Infantry Company command post in town. This was in the town of Verdenne, which was about two miles east of Marche. This was a hotly contested town, and counter attacks  were common by both sides.

Thrills were coming thick and fast. During the day two flying bombs (also called “buzz bombs”) “cut out” and were watched very carefully as they coasted in. One landed  a few miles to the north and the other to the south of the unit.

In one way the “Bulge” was a cannoneer’s picknick. Round after round was fed into the “How”. Twelve hundred and sixty two rounds were fired from 6 in the morning to 6 the next morning.

“Friendly Fire”

Service Battery which took care of food preparation and ammunition supplies was located in the rear echelon at Maffe.  Lt. Spendlove and Sgt. Renfro were quartered in a barn a few hundred yards from the rest of the battery. Their vehicles were in the wrong place and mistaken for the enemy. Three P-38s made a large sweeping circle and the first one came in strafing. Their only cover available were the banks of an ice cold creek. Now was no time to be to particular about the temperature of the water, so in they went. The second plane dropped a bomb on the barn they called home. All of their equipment and clothing was destroyed.

A formation of B17s that were returning from a mission passed overhead. All of a sudden there was the shrill shriek of bombs falling thru the air. Seven of the five hundred pounders hit very close and two clusters of incendiary bombs also came in and lay about the area smoldering and burning. One of these incendiaries hit about thirty five yards from Baker Battery wire section.

“We heard the distinctive whisper of falling bombs. The motor section had one shallow foxhole and six of us tried to get in it. Later, we found two craters about 30′ across and at least as deep”.2

The B17s were returning from a mission. Landing a heavy bomber with live, potentially damaged ordnance was extremely dangerous. Pilots were instructed to jettison these bombs over uninhabited areas. However, in the chaotic Ardennes landscape where the front lines were fluid and poorly defined, crews sometimes mistakenly believed they were over unoccupied territory.

While they were positioned at Noiseux Dec 24-31, the 951st “lost three cannoneers.  The first was leading a howitzer into position when his feet slipped on the ice, and the prime mover crushed his foot.  A second gunner was caught by the breech block of one of the guns and broke both bones in his right forearm.  In the third accident, a shell had been rammed, and the gun was being elevated when the 95-pound projectile began to slide out the breech because of the ice on it.  The cannoneer tried to catch it, and the projectile turned over and went fuse first through his foot”.3

On December 31, Lt. White was killed and Lt. Stopfel was seriously injured in an accidental plane crash.

Turkey for Christmas?

The Stars and Stripes printed that all soldiers would have turkey for Christmas 1944. Captain Moore requested that S/Sgt. Cecil Dunham and T/Sgt Tryge Strand travel through the Ardennes about 32 miles north to Leige, Belgium to get supplies. Upon making a request for the rumored turkey dinners for the 951st Battalion, the lieutenant at the supply depot told them there were no supplies for battalions, only for divisions.

“Well, my men are hungry too” Sargent Strand replied. He immediately requested to to see the commanding officer and was taken to a colonel.

“After some discussion, the colonel asked if ten-in-one meals would be acceptable. Although a poor substitute for turkey, we gladly took them, so the boys were able to have peaches, pears, coffee, juice, hard biscuits, sweet jelly, dried eggs and bacon for Christmas”4

951st Artillery Effectiveness at Verdenne, (An AI analysis)

Enemy Tank near Verdennes, Belgium

Battalion History 951st F. A. Bn. by Captain Ernest M. Chamberlain recorded the number of every type of Fire Mission for every day of the war. The battle of Verdenne lasted from Dec 24 to Dec 31. The fire missions recorded for the 951st were Dec 24-26: Harassing fire 13, Tanks 36, Enemy personnel 45, Dec 27-31: Harassing fire 11, Tanks 1, Enemy personnel 44.

(Dec 24-26) The most significant insight is the sheer density of Tank missions (36) in the first three days. On Christmas Eve and Christmas Day, the 116th Panzer Division was making its final, desperate push to break through the American line to reach the Meuse River. Averaging 12 tank-specific missions per day, the 951st was essentially functioning as a long-range “tank killer” during this window. The “excellent results” noted earlier likely contributed to the destruction of the 116th’s armored core right here.

(Dec 27–31) The drop from 36 tank missions to just 1 tank mission in the second half of the battle is a clear historical indicator. By Dec 27, the German armored threat in this sector had been effectively neutralized. The tanks were either destroyed, abandoned due to the severe fuel shortages, or had re-treated.

Enemy Personnel missions (44) remained almost identical to the first period (45). This shows that while the tanks were gone, the German infantry (Volksgrenadiers) were still dug in and fighting stubbornly in the woods around Verdenne, requiring constant artillery pressure to dislodge them.

Artillery as the Deciding Factor: The 951st didn’t just “support” the battle; they likely provided the specific firepower that stopped the 116th Panzer’s breakout. Once those 36 tank missions were completed by Dec 26, the German “offensive” capability in Verdenne was dead.

The Road to Erezee

The next position was at Erezee, Belgium. The front was now more than being held. It was starting to be compressed. A British artillery  unit came in and took over our positions.

On January 1, 1945 the British 153rd Field regiment took their position at Noiseux, while the 951st traveled 17 miles to Erezee.  At this new location their 155mm howitzers 9-mile range extended to Manhay and Grandmenil where they were desperately needed for their 95 pounder destructive power.

The road was slick and covered with ice. The M-5 prime mover had the most trouble as it skidded as if on ice skates from one side to the other. When the road sloped one way, the “Cat” slipped down the hill in that direction. Often they skidded off the road into the ditches. One of  these “Cats” slid into some mines and detonated them.  The explosion took that massive piece of metal and threw it over on its side. And there it lay and burned. It was one of those tragic things which occur in war and men were killed and injured. Those killed were Pfc. Ray T. Brandon, Pfc. Don E. Steele.

Nine disasterous, cold, and tiring hours had been spent to travel a mere seventeen miles.

Counter offensive begins

On January 3rd, a large scale attack went into affect. The weather was against it. It snowed, so no air corps could be called for help. Visibility was limited to about two hundred yards, so targets  for artillery could not be seen or adjusted for. The front moved forward but very little.

General Courtney Hodges

The First Army, (about 383,000 troops), which included VII Corps and 951st Artillery was led by Lieutenant General Courtney Hodges. It began its “large scale attack” southward on January 3, 1945. They pushed through heavy snow and German defenses near Stavelot and Malmédy. From Erezee, the 951st Field Artillery Battalion moved southeast as part of the First Army’s drive to meet up with General George S. Patton and the US Third Army and pinch off the bulge.

General George Patton

General Patton’s Third Army of 350,000 troops were moving northward from Bastogne. Patton had famously pivoted his entire army 90 degrees to reach Bastogne in just a few days. Patton’s intelligence officer, Colonel Oscar Koch, warned of the potential German buildup as early as December 9. When the crisis hit, Patton was ready. He disengaged three divisions from a live battle and raced them north toward Bastogne. The 101st Airborne held the town against overwhelming odds for six days before they were liberated by Patton’s forces on December 26.

Fire support for the Battle of Grandmenil

Cpl. Richard F. Wiegand

On December 24, the 2nd SS Panzer Division in a surprise attack captured the towns of Manhay and Grandmenil. The next day they continued to expand their breakthrough westward toward Erezee, but were halted at a pass known as Trou du Loup (Wolf’s Gap). Corporal Richard F. Wiegand of the 75th Infantry used a bazooka to disable the lead tank. This blocked the road causing them to retreat back to Grandménil. Corporal Wiegand gave his life in this heroic act. The towns of Grandmenil and Manhay were re-captured by the 3rd Armored and 75th Infantry Divisions by December 27, 1944.

The task of the 951st at Erezee was to provide heavy, long-range fire support to break the German defensive crust south-east of the Grandménil and Manhay.  The 155mm howitzers provided the heavy punch needed to reach targets that the standard 105mm divisional artillery could not reach. This was especially vital at this time because poor visibility and extreme cold that had grounded Allied air support. However, to be effective, the forward observation party had to be positioned.

Lt. Colonel Isenberg

On the fourth the attack was continued. Lt. Keate was forward observer with Cpl. Swanson, Cpl. Shields, radio operator, and Cpl. Swafford, driver. They went with Lt. Colonel Isenberg and Captain Chamberlain to an observation post southwest of Erezee, it was receiving considerable artillery and mortar fire. Lt. Keate and Cpl. Swanson worked up thru the trees to an opening near the top of the hill. When they took out the field glasses to observe a Captain from the infantry yelled,  “Put them away!”

The infantry Captain told them there was a German machine gun two hundred yards away.  The machine gunner didn’t shoot only because he knew they would receive a hundred to one in exchange.

Apparently they saw the field glasses because mortars began to come in to the right. When they got closer, Lt Keate and Cpl. Swanson withdrew about fifty yards into the woods and waited for the action to quiet down.

Rather than drive a vehicle up the hill to establish the observation post, they ran a line up the hill to telephone back to the radio, as this would be less conspicuous.

When the three corporals started to prepare the wire, the lieutenant walked about five yards to ask a couple of men more details of the immediate situation. Just then mortars and 88s started to fall like a hail storm. One shell landed not more than fifteen yards from Lt. Keate. The two men which were standing on each side of him fell to the ground wounded. With that, the forward observer party tended to the wounded and drove the jeep with the injured under fire to the aid station.

 While in this position the Germans fired Sceaming Meemies and artillery into the village of Erezee. 

Although the progress had been slow the wedge was gradually being reduced. Once again it was necessary to move further to the east.

To Le Batty, about a mile southwest of Grandmenil

155 How. “Able Annie” 951st “A” Battery’s Howitzer at La Batty near Grandmenil

The infantry and tanks needed support and needed it in the worst way. The unit did not let them down. They arrived when needed and fired like mad. Twelve hundred fifty-eight rounds on the eighth and fourteen hundred and forty-six on the ninth.

By late December and early January, Grandmenil and Manhay had changed hands multiple times as the front line shifted back and forth. The 83rd Infantry Division was heavily engaged alongside the 3rd Armored Division in intense battles during the second week of January. They were moving through villages facing high casualty rates, sometimes losing 50% of a unit in just hours of fierce engagement. They were in a state of extreme physical and combat strain due to relentless fighting and the most severe winter weather in 60 years.

“After a very busy day, (firing over 900 rounds) we received orders to make an 8 mile forced march that night along icy secondary roads. A blizzard set in. It took 10 hours to cover those 8 miles”.5

The column finally reached Le Batty about a mile southwest of Grandmenil. Several trips were made back to the previous location to bring in all equipment and ammunition. Finally the first howitzers were in position.

The snow falling was so dense, the gunner and the executive could not see each other. Yet it was necessary that those guns be laid accurately so fire could be on the location it was asked for. Finally the blizzard subsided and this work could be completed. Sometime in the early morning the rest of the howitzers arrived and at noon the tractors had completed the laborious trip. It had been a terrific strain but still the cannoneers and others could not rest. Wire had to be laid and ammunition had to be fired.

“Working in a pre-dawn blizzard, men in Able Battery nearly froze while getting the guns laid.  Two gun sergeants’ howitzers (John Renner and John Phillips) were located in an anti-personal mine field.  Tape had been laid to mark a path.  Lieutenant Russell Kelch was walking through the foot-deep snow to check the laying of the howitzers when he fell in a bomb crater which seemed to swallow him as it was 12′ deep.  He was, however, unhurt.”6

The arrival of the 951st at Le Batty was a turning point of this battle because it provided the long-range, heavy support necessary to halt the German push toward Erezée. The howitzers arrived early in the morning and the battery fired 1,258 rounds on the 8th and 1,446 rounds on the 9th. The seven “Tank” fire missions and five “Vehicle” missions on January 9 targeted the mobile assets of the 2nd SS Panzer Division trying to escape in its retreat toward Houffalize.

The First Army and the Third Army met at Houffalize on January 16

In mid January, the First Army was moving south, while the Third Army was working its way north. The two armies were coming together like the jaws of a trap. At this point, German troops were desperately trying to keep roads open in a attempt to escape back into Germany. The front line was a blur where American and German units were intermingled.

Lt. McClure and Lt. Breen went out to register the battalion. The point selected was a little over a mile due north of Houffalize. While in the process of adjusting they noticed infantry and tanks working south on the road. On investigation, they turned out to be friendly troops. They were getting to close to the road junction so the mission was halted. A short distance to the west some other tanks were noticed so they flew a plane to make an identification. They too were friendly. While flying back they passed over a raging tank battle. Small arms and machine guns were fired at them. A bullet passed through the heel of the pilot’s shoe without piercing the skin. The foot was numb for two hours.

The object was Houffalize, which was an important road junction. If it could be cut, it would pocket a sizeable total Germans. The route to the new position was over snow and ice covered roads but DTs were used as prime movers and not too much trouble was  experienced in the ten mile move to Callas, which is four miles east of Samree. In the area were many graves of SS soldiers. There also was a Sherman Tank which had been captured at the first breakthrough which bore SS markings.

SS Graves, Callas, near Les Tailles, Belgium, 14 Jan 1945

The bridge at Petite Langlir

On January 16, 1945, the Commander of the 188th Field Artillery Group (which included the 951st) sent his Battery Commanders as reconnaissance parties to scout for the next firing positions. They would meet at a church in Mont le Ban to ensure all Battery Commanders were synchronized before the heavy guns were brought forward.

On the 16th the reconnaissance parties went to look at an area to move into. It was in the vicinity of Mont le Ban. Petite Langlir is a small town on a hill. Several roads met on the top of the hill. The road which winds generally to the south passes over a bridge on a small stream. When the group party arrived at the road intersection there was a traffic jam which held the party up for some time. When the party just about arrived at the bridge the German artillery dropped a barrage which stopped all traffic. The bridge was zeroed in and area really received  a plastering. While no one in the immediate party was injured, there were several soldiers of other organizations which were not so fortunate.

The bridge over the Langlir stream was located just south of Mont-le-Ban. At this time, the 83rd Infantry Division and the 3rd Armored Division were pushing through Petite Langlir to cut off secondary escape routes and to capture Mont-le-Ban. The 329th Infantry Regiment (83rd Division), lost 3/4 of its men in the three-day battle clearing the woods around the bridge.

US Forces under attack, Belgium, January, 1945

Captain Chamberlain described how it feels to be caught in an artillery barrage while on the road with no foxholes or cover of any kind. (abbreviated):

When you lie on the surface and hear that whistle in the sky you know it is headed straight for you and there you are on top of everything. It bursts with a terrific noise and the ground shakes. It misses but dirt and other items fall on you. Just as you reach to see if there is any blood, the whistle of more trouble can be heard on the way. That is repeated time and again. Then there is a lull and you wonder if it is over. Finally you make up your mind and shout for your driver to hurry. He needs no coaxing. As soon as he hits the seat the vehicle is on the move. So it was with that party, as soon as there was a lull there was a mad scramble to get across the bridge and out of the vicinity.

As an officer in the 951st Field Artillery Battalion (part of the 188 Field Artillery Group), Captain Chamberlain’s mission was critical. Before moving massive howitzers forward, commanders had to personally scout firing positions to ensure they had “line of sight” for their observers and stable ground for the guns. German units used pre-calculated coordinates on bridges and churches to harass Allied movements even after their infantry had begun to pull back.

American Tanks Captured by German Breakthrough, East of Grandmenil, Belgium, Jan ’45

On the 18th the batteries moved to the areas previously selected. It was a short move of eight miles. Mont le Ban was their last position in Belgium. There, they fired a total of 1720 rounds between January 18th and the 24th. By January 24, about 20,000 enclosed Germans were prisoners of war, and the rest were crossing the Siegfried line back into Germany.

“By January 25, 1945, the German lines had been pushed back to their initial jumping off point. Hitler’s last gamble in the West had ended in failure. The Germans lost approximately 100,000 men, who could not be replaced, while Allied casualties were placed at about 80,000, killed, wounded, and captured“7

20,000 German prisoners

 

Rest and Refit, at Emptine, Hamois and Natoye.

Captain Ernest Chamberlain

Finally after a hard fight the Bulge was written off. And the battalion turned the other way and headed for a place of rest and refit after the tiring battle. On the 24th of January, Headquarters Battery, Service Battery, and the Medical Detachment moved into a large Chateau and other houses at Emptine. “A” and “B” Batteries were billeted in private homes in the town of Hamois. “C” Battery was billeted in a theater, school and private home at Natoye. The distance traveled was about forty-six miles on icy roads.

There was a brief training schedule. The main emphasis was placed on preparing the equipment to meet the grueling task of a continued war. The afternoons and evenings were devoted to pleasure as much as possible. Picture shows were shown, a jeep show put on several performances. Showers were rather far off… some traveled 20 miles to obtain one. Convoys of men went to Huy, Namar, and Ciney to see stage and picture shows. The men enjoyed the change of being able to talk with the civilians, as there was no nonfraternization ban. The civilians seemed well pleased to have the American troops in their area especially after the scare they had a few weeks previously. Eggs, Steak, Cognac, and even Milk were had by the members of the battalion that got friendly with those living there.

Start where we left off

It had been a vicious circle. On February 4, the unit went into position just a few thousand yards from the one last occupied before leaving in December to participate in the so called “Battle of the Bulge”. Now the drive for Cologne was going to start where it had left off.

On February 4, the unit began its push toward Bonn. Ten more positions and 90 miles and on March 22 the 951st crossed the Rhine River on a pontoon bridge. On May 17 they passed through Nordhausen where they were a witness to the horrific conditions of this concentration camp. On the 19th of April, the battalion moved to Stiege. On this date the last round was fired in combat, by the battalion. It was number 85,537 since landing on Utah Beach. V. E. day was May 8, 1945 and the war in Europe was officially over.

Battalion History, 951st F. A. Bn.

After V. E. Day, Lt. Colonel Isenberg asked Captain Chamberlain to write a battalion history. He had no experience in writing, but Isenberg knew he always finished what he started. Chamberlain made a request for typists, photographers and map draftsmen. By working night and day they got the manuscript ready. Another unit had agreed to print and publish the book free of charge. However, they received orders to return to the US, so Chamberlain had to find a way to have it assembled and printed in bombed out Germany. He almost missed his ship to get this done between VE Day and October, 1945.8  Several wooden boxes containing 2 feet by 3 feet uncut pages for 600 copies of the “951st F. A. Battalion History” were sent to his home in Utah.

Monument dedicated to the men of the 951st FAB, at Grandmenil, Belgium

Related links from “The Chamberlain Story”:

1. 27- Fay Barney Chamberlain: Dating and Marriage.
2. 28- Ernest M. Chamberlain after Pearl Harbor

4. 30- Dennis D. Chamberlain, Family and Early Memories During WWII

References:

  1. Wikipedia Operation Stösser.
  2. Bud Walradt (951st B Battery)
  3. https://premierrelics.com/us-field-gear/951st-field-artillery-battalion T/5 E. Morgan.
  4. “Fire Mission” Vol. 2 No 3, Rebecca Kelch- Bennett, editor
  5. Ernest M. Chamberlain, Sacrifices I Suffered as a Result of World War II, (unpublished)
  6. https://premierrelics.com/us-field-gear/951st-field-artillery-battalion T/5 E. Morgan.
  7. https://www.army.mil/article/15949/battle_of_the_bulge_ends_25_january_1945
  8. Ernest M. Chamberlain Sr., My Constant Companion and Prayer, unpublished.

© Copyright Dennis D. Chamberlain, The Chamberlain Story, 2020. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of the written content of this site without express and written permission from the author and owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that credit is given to Dennis D. Chamberlain and direction to  www.thechamberlainstory.com.

 

30- Dennis Chamberlain, Family and Early Memories During World War II

Georgia Ann Smith (baby cousin), Livonia Adams Barney (grandmother), Ellen Barney Smith (aunt), Fay Barney Chamberlain. (Mother) Lower row: Dennis Chamberlain, (That is me with the shirt that perfectly matches the garage), Martin (brother). Photo taken at Barney home in 1945.

Born in Salt Lake City, blessed in Olympia Washington

My mother, Fay Barney Chamberlain, was doing the laundry in the basement of my grandparents home. When her pains got about 4 minutes apart, she called the doctor who told her, “Go to the hospital immediately!”  She called her father, Archie F. Barney, at work to give her a ride. On the way to the hospital, she calmly insisted on a detour. She needed cash for the hospital bill and told her dad to stop at the bank. As she waited in the teller line, she was hoping I would not get impatient. Fortunately, I was born 2 hours later in the hospital.

My father, Lt. Ernest M. Chamberlain was at Fort Lewis in Olympia, Washington. On May 1, 1942, Mother, Martin and I flew to Seattle, Washington where I first met my father. Dad and the bishop of the local ward gave me my blessing in at the Holly Auto Court in Olympia, Washington. Grandpa and Grandma, Harry and Annie Chamberlain, Richard and Robert came up from Salt Lake City for the occasion.

Lt. Ernest M. Chamberlain

In Olympia Washington for my blessing at the Holly Auto Court. Left to right back: Annie Chamberlain, Harry Chamberlain, Dennis Chamberlain, Ernest Chamberlain. Front: Robert Chamberlain, Richard Chamberlain, E. Martin Chamberlain, Jr.

Our family was in Olympia until August 1942 when dad received orders for a temporary training assignment at Fort Sill. Dad then took us back to live with Granddad and Grandma Barney until he completed his course in Oklahoma. When Dad returned from Fort Sill, we had Thanksgiving dinner at his parents house in Salt Lake City. Our family of four then headed back to Washington.

Dad was excited our family was together and he was preparing for what he hoped would be our best Christmas ever.1  Unfortunately, he was abruptly called back to Fort Sill on December 9 and had to leave on the train that night. Mother and her two baby boys were stranded in Olympia until my Uncle Dean Barney came on the train and drove our car back to Salt Lake City. We spent Christmas 1942 with Grandma and Grandpa Barney.

Midland Hotel, Lawton Oklahoma

On January 8, 1943, Uncle Dean drove my mother and Martin to Oklahoma to be with Dad. I was only 10 months old, so they left me with my grandparents.

Uncle Dean Barney was an adventures 17 year-old. He loved to drive our 1941 Plymouth across the country. They made good travel time and stayed the first night in Moab, Utah and the second night in Gallup, New Mexico. When Dean returned, he enjoyed a scenic train ride back and did some site seeing in Kansas City and Denver.

Martin, Uncle Dean and Mother on way to Oklahoma. January 9, 1943

Martin Chamberlain and Dean Barney, January 9, 1943

Housing was very scarce but Dad was able to find an apartment at the Midland Hotel in downtown Lawton, Oklahoma. It was not a high quality place and Dad was appalled one night when he saw mice crawling on Martin as he slept in his bed.

Mother was with Dean when she arrived at the hotel and later she was with Dad. She was rather naive and didn’t realize that at this hotel some may get the wrong idea about her. One night when she was going out with Dad, she had to return to the room to get something. When she came out of the room she saw two men. One said, “That’s her!” And they ran toward her with great expectations.

“I think you have the wrong idea,” she exclaimed, “My husband is waiting for me down stairs.” She then ran as fast as she could and said to Dad, “Let’s get out of here.”

Living with Grandma and Grandad Barney

Barney home on Alden Street 1945

Barney home on Alden Street, 2014

I stayed with Grandma and Granddad Barney while Dad, Mother and Martin were in Oklahoma. They sent my mother regular written updates of my personal development.

1/12/1943 “Dennis is the sweetest thing”, she wrote as I sat upon her knee. I struggled to take hold of her pen and made first attempt to express myself in writing.

1/14/1943 “It is 11:45 am and Dennis is out in the fresh air, singing and happy as can be. He hasn’t cried once since you left.” “Dennis finally went to sleep at 12:45 am.” That is my normal bedtime time even today.

1/18/1943 “In the morning we go walking. He is getting strong and straight. He sits here saying Boom Boom. I wonder why? Do you suppose it is because his daddy is on the big guns?”

Yes, I believe children under 2 years-old have a spiritual connection with their family members. I have recognized this in my own children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Martin had a similar experience a year earlier.2

Dean Barney Joins the Navy

This was a happy time for me as I was pretty much oblivious to the turmoil going on within this loving family. Dean, Dan and Don were best friends and they all left on Wednesday January 20 for Treasure Island (Navy Training Center) in San Francisco. Granddad took Dean to the train station. He stayed inside the terminal. With exposer to cold weather and the stress of preparing Dean’s departure he became quite ill.

1/23/1943  Granddad wrote in the first part of the letter:  “I have been home all week with a heavy cold and bad throat so I won’t write much. Old Denny Dean is big and fat, has one big tooth center lower. He is trying to walk already.”

I think Granddad was thrilled that my middle name is “Dean” after his son Archie Dean Barney. However, the fat shaming was totally unnecessary.

Grandma wrote: “Can you imagine our home without Dean? I can now feel what a few million or more mothers have been experiencing when that train pulled out. Something went out of me, it was the strangest feeling. So different to that of a wife, as I did before, and yet so similar. I don’t feel so good since Dean left but Carol and Dad have been swell and everyone tells me my baby makes me younger, so that’s something.”

This was hard for her. She had watched her husband leave for war in 1917. He returned partially paralyzed and was considered 75% disabled. A year earlier, on New Year’s Eve 1941, she watched her son-in-law leave, and now the train was taking her only son into an unknown future.

Grandma to my parents: “don’t you worry”

Grandma and I were starting to get sick also. On the 21st Granddad wrote in his journal, “I brought the flu home- gave it to Livonia and the baby.”

1/29/1943 Grandma tried her best not to worry my parents: “My dears our baby has been sick for a few days he is recovering fine”, she wrote. It was the first time I had ever been sick and I didn’t like it. “He is as cross as a bear but has reason to be… tonsilitis, a bad sore throat and asthma”. And If that wasn’t bad enough, “his bottom was one mass of blisters.”

“He has been administered to several times and Grandpa C. is coming out tonight. We have his name in the temple also and everything will be all right now, so don’t you worry about him.”

Dr. Anderson was checking me everyday and prescribed some tablets to put in my water and caster oil. He told my Grandma to “tell (Fay and Ernest C.) not to worry he will be all right.”

1/30/1943 Granddad wrote, “Ernest’s Dad and Mother (Harry and Annie Chamberlain) came to visit us last evening. We really enjoyed their visit. They stayed about three hours. While they were here I had George Gardener come over. They administered to Dennis, Mother and to me. They gave each of us a fine blessing and we all feel so much better this morning.”

Grandma finished in the same letter: “I hear your dear little fellow singing, my is that wonderful music.”

Wow! Someone actually appreciates my singing. I love that woman.

“He has been terribly cross and his throat so sore all day yesterday. Today he plays and eats better and his temperature is down. Before they administered to him last night he was so tight he could hardly breath and ever since he has only a little wheeze. So he is going to be fine dears so don’t worry.”

1/31/1943 Grandma: “I’ll bet you wouldn’t know your baby this A.M. He is so happy and oh! so much better. His bottom is all nice and clear and white looks good enough to eat ha! ha! 

How humiliating.

Promotion to Captain

Dad was promoted to Captain on Jan 12, 1943 but didn’t tell anyone until Saturday the 16th. He came home in his uniform and paraded around the house. Mom thought he was acting strange. Finally, he had to show her his new captain bars on his uniform. Dad laughed at her reaction. Everyone was happy and Martin danced around saying “Daddy is a Captain!”.

Dad also wanted to get a reaction from his parents and Fay’s parents. In their next letters to them they said nothing about the promotion. The only hint was on the return address  “Capt. E. M. Chamberlain.” Dad wanted to know which of the parents would be first to notice. Turns out it was “dear old grandma (Agnes Adams) with her poor eyes” who was first to discover it.

The trip back to Salt Lake and Fort Lewis, Washington

Dad completed the course at Fort Sill and on March 6 headed back to Fort Lewis Washington. He drove Mother and Martin back to Salt Lake, traveling the same route by which they came with Uncle Dean. They happened to stop at the same motel in Gallup, New Mexico. The motel clerk recognized mother from before and asked, “Which one is your husband?”

“Oh!” she replied, “that other man is my brother!”. The clerk gave a humoring nod.

While Dad was passing through Salt Lake, the whole Chamberlain family was together for a photo session on March 7, 1943. These photos were taken in front of Chamberlain home at 1431, 10th East. (In Chapter 29, I mistakenly labeled them as taken in November 1942. However, this was not correct for Dad was not yet a Captain.)

Top row: Harry Ellis Chamberlain (grandfather), Maria Mathilda Erikson Ankarstrand (great grandmother), Annie Ankarstrand Chamberlain (grandmother), Fay Barney Chamberlain (mother), Dennis Chamberlain (me), Captain Ernest M. Chamberlain (father). Bottom row: Martin Chamberlain (brother), Richard Chamberlain (uncle), Robert Chamberlain (uncle), March 7, 1943.

Four maternal generations: Mathilda Ankarstrand, Annie Chamberlain, Sharon Roos (my cousin), Lois Chamberlain Roos. (Ernest’s sister)

Mathilda Ankarstrand, Annie Chamberlain, Fay Chamberlain, Dennis Chamberlain, Ernest Chamberlain, Front row: Robert Chamberlain, Martin Chamberlain, Richard Chamberlain

Harry Chamberlain, Ernest Chamberlain, Fay Chamberlain, Lois Roos, Harvey Roos (Lois’ Husband). Front Row: Richard Chamberlain, Martin Chamberlain, Robert Chamberlain.

Harry Chamberlain, Robert Chamberlain, Annie Chamberlain, Richard Chamberlain in front of our 1941 Plymouth.

Grandma’s lily pond

Mother, Martin and I stayed at the Barney home where we celebrated my first and Martin’s third birthdays.

It was during this time while living in our grandparents home that Martin saved my life. We were in the back yard and mother went in to check on grandma who was ill. As soon as she left I fell into the fish pond. Martin ran in yelling “Mommy, Mommy, Dennis is in the pool!” She ran and pulled me out. She said she never would have seen me in the pond because of the lily pads.

Grandma Barney’s Lilly Pond.

Fort Lewis, Washington to Indio, California

Family travel was not authorized for Dad’s trip back to Fort Lewis, so he left our car in Salt Lake and caught a train. A few days after he arrived, his unit received new orders. They were to head for the desert training center in Indio, California to prepare to meet Rommel’s forces in the deserts of North Africa. For this location, family travel was again authorized. Therefore, Grandfather Harry Chamberlain had to drive our car with Mother and Martin to Fort Lewis. He returned on the train. (I stayed with Grandma Barney in Salt Lake).

(Above photos are from our visit to the General Patton Memorial Museum in Indio, California in 2013, 70 years later.)

Captain Chamberlain and family left Olympia, Washington on Friday afternoon April 9th and drove in our car to Portland where they slept a couple of hours in the car. They then traveled on and stayed the night in Mount Shasta, California. The next day they traveled to San Francisco. Mother was still learning how to drive so Dad had her practice stick shift driving on the hills of San Francisco. She did real well and started doing more of the driving. That night they stayed at Salinas, California. Then on to Atascadero where they spent the day and night with good friends, Jack and Ruth Chamberlin.3

They stayed the following night at my mother’s Aunt Gretta Christensen’s house in San Gabriel. The next day, Dad found a house to rent in Pasadena. He wrote to his parents on April 15, 1943: “We have the best apartment we have ever had”.

Pasadena, California

Pasadena home, notice the stone porch in our 1943 photos. (Google Photo, 2022)

Grandma took me on my first train ride from Utah to southern California. We arrived in Pasadena sometime before April 25 for an Adams family reunion and Easter Picnic at Temple City Park. My mother’s Uncle Ernest Adams was also in the Military. He was engaged to marry Bernadine “Bernie” Lopez on May 2, 1943. (See many more family photos in “Selected Journals of Archie Fay Barney” compiled by Deanna Chamberlain Grant.)

Ernest and Bernie Adams

Ernest Adams, Agnes Adams and Bernie Lopez Adams

As soon as our family was settled in our new apartment, Dad left in an army convoy heading for the desert training center. They would not return for six weeks. They conducted rigorous artillery and tank war games in brutal heat of up to 116 degrees. Rattle snakes were a problem. One soldier was killed instantly when he saw a rattle snake and jumped up during a crawling exercise under live machinegun fire. One time Dad almost landed on a rattler when he stepped out of his jeep.

Mother remembers a beautiful magnolia tree in the front of our house in Pasadena. Grandma Livonia Barney and Mother enjoyed the roses that were growing seven feet tall in the backyard garden.

The house interior was nice but the bathroom doors had crystal knobs. Mother recognized that these might be dangerous for a young child and warned Martin not to play with them. He was fascinated and played with them anyway. Unfortunately, Grandma somehow received a severe cut on her arm from one of these glass door nobs. Martin had disobeyed his mother which made him believe his Grandmother’s injury was his fault. He felt extreme guilt about this for many years. When ever Grandma got sick he thought it was because of her injury that he believed he caused.

Grandma left me in Pasadena and returned on a train to Salt Lake the end of June.

Martin, Fay and Dennis in Pasadena.

Martin Chamberlain, Livonia Barney and Dennis Chamberlain in Pasadena. (Notice bandage on Grandma’s arm.)

 

Martin, Dennis and Ernest Chamberlain, Pasadena California.

Martin in the snake pit

In early July, my Aunt Carol Barney came down on the train to stay with us for a while. There was a boy she liked in Pasadena. His father raised snakes for Hollywood movie productions. There were hundreds and hundreds of snakes in dozens of wire cages with pathways between the cages. One time, Carol took Martin with her on a visit to her boy friend’s place. Somehow he found himself alone in the snake area and couldn’t find his way out. He told me years later that he remembers this as if he was in a pit full of snakes, much like the scene from the Indiana Jones movie. However, unlike Indiana Jones, he didn’t have fire to keep the snakes away. It was quite a terrifying experience for the three-year-old. This was Martin’s earliest memory.

Left: Ernest, Dennis, Fay and Martin Chamberlain. Right Carol Barney and Martin in front of Pasadena home.

My own earliest memory was from the same time period. My great-grandmother Agnes Adams was living with her daughter, Gretta Christensen in San Gabriel so she could be close to her military son Ernest Adams. There was a train track behind their house only a few yards away. When we visited her, I got very excited when I heard a train coming. She picked me up and run outside so we could watch the train go by. I love trains and can still recall those trains in my mind today, and my dear old “Grandma Too Too.”

The war in Africa ended so Dad’s unit left the Desert to go to Muskogee, Oklahoma. Our family traveled through Salt Lake City. We brought Carol and her Pasadena boy friend Eddie along and invited them on a family outing to the Great Salt Lake on August 21, 1943.

Eddie and Carol Barney, August 22, 1943

Ernest Chamberlain and Eddie at Great Salt Lake, August 21, 1943

Muskogee, Oklahoma

Rental units in Muskogee were impossible to find so Dad bought a house. It was $300 down and monthly payments were not much more than rent. The camp was only 20 miles from town so Dad was able to be home most evenings.

Muskogee, Oklahoma

Dad writing a letter, Mother in the living room

Dad built a teeter-totter and sandbox for us boys which we loved. However, the teeter-totter was not much fun for me because Martin was in total control. I was always up in the air until Martin decided to jump off.

Mother was a good driver but had never driven long distance on her own. So Dad had her put on some overalls and he taught her in our driveway how to jack up the car and change a tire.

Dennis and Martin Chamberlain

Martin and Dennis Chamberlain

Fay Chamberlain learning how to change a tire.

In October, an order came down that the men could only go home three nights a week, Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. Why? No one knew. However, the unit was preparing to leave, and when they did, they would leave without notice. They told the families, if the men didn’t come home, they were on alert and couldn’t communicate with anyone. One day in late November, Ernest called Fay from the post with a short message. “I will not be coming home tonight, I love you, give the boys a big hug and a kiss, I love you, goodbye.”

Fay Barney: “I remember sitting on the bed in the bedroom when Martin was three years old and Dennis was one. I said to Martin, ‘Oh Martin, what are we going to do? Daddy is gone and here we are and how are we going to get clear back home to Utah?’ And he said, ‘Don’t worry Mommy, Heavenly Father will help us. We will make it OK.’ After that, I didn’t have any more worries, I figured if my little boy had that much faith I should have too.”

Martin’s response brightened Mother’s day and she started packing. She packed everything that would fit in the trunk or on the floor of our 1941 Plymouth. Anything that wouldn’t fit, including our house and mortgage, was left behind. The back seat area was made flat and covered with blankets so Martin and I could play and rest on it.

She drove through Nebraska and Kansas and we stayed the night in Cheyenne, Wyoming. The next morning the weather was threatening and it soon started snowing. The road became slippery. Some cars and trucks slid off the road. She didn’t dare stop or she would get stuck with two small children, so she kept going. Conditions worsened until there was a complete white out. At that point she saw one car that had rolled over. All Mother could see through the windshield ahead was white. Mother prayed for help. She soon saw two black lines in the snow ahead. They were about ten feet long and then disappeared into the storm. The thought came to her to follow the tracks in front of her. She only hoped that they were going where she was going.

Martin entertained and fed me so mother could concentrate on the black lines in front of our car. She followed those tracks for about five hours without ever seeing the car that made them.  When the storm lifted, we were in Utah and soon safe at my grandparents home. She didn’t realize it was Thanksgiving Day and the family was just sitting down for dinner.

My three-year-old brother told my Mother that Heavenly Father would help us – and He did.  The Faith of a Child.  (My Memory of the Miracles – Fay Chamberlain)

November 1943 Cheyenne Weather Report according to AI

What was the weather like in Cheyenne, Wyoming in November 1943?

  • Thanksgiving Storm: A major snow event occurred between November 23 and 25. Cheyenne received roughly 3.2 to 4.8 inches of snow, with wind gusts up to 50 mph causing hazardous travel and road closures on Interstate 80. 

Granddad Barney

We lived with Granddad and Grandma Barney for the next year. Granddad was like a father to me and Martin during the war.

Every evening, he listened intently to “Lowell Thomas and the News” and the Sunday evening “Army Hour” from his large console radio that sat on the carpet in the living room. Martin played with his “Pacific fleet” of battleship game tokens on the blue carpet. Granddad kept up to date on the war and wrote in his journal about what was going on with every member of his family almost every day.

He bought a brand new Ford about every five years and he took Martin and me on some of his field trips around the state. Doctor Barney had a Ph D. in Agronomy from Cornell University and worked for the mining and smelter company. He assessed field crops so farmers could be compensated for smoke damage and also, he determined if damage was caused by other reasons such as insects or disease. At the end of the day, he would return to the lab and enter the data results in a voice recorder.

Martin Chamberlain, Archie F. Barney and Dennis Chamberlain at garden near the lab.

Martin and Dennis. The first hill of corn I ever planted. (September 2, 1944) I became a Corn Breeder in 1969.

Dumping molten magma

I remember him taking us to his lab and to his nearby vegetable garden. Sometimes he took us to Magna Utah where we watched the molten slag pour down the side of the dump. One time in Provo, he took us to the Eyring Science Center at BYU to see the Foucault pendulum and other exhibits. There was a new drinking fountain that turned on and off by foot petal. He teased me by releasing the petal every time I tried to take a drink.

We would pack a lunch on our trips. On our lunch breaks Granddad told us Bible stories which he knew by heart.  I can still remember parts of the stories as he told them from Cain and Able, Samson, David and Goliath, Jacob and Esau, Joseph sold into Egypt and more.

Often we had family picnics at Liberty park where there was a merry-go-round. There was also a “Smelter Day” at Lagoon once a year where his company provided free all-day passes for everyone in his extended family. There we enjoyed the “Fun House”, “Haunted House”, many rides, swimming and a large family picnic.

Occasionally, Granddad took us on a Saturday trip to the Hogle Zoo in Salt Lake. My favorite animals were Princes Alice the elephant, the Polar Bears, and Shasta the liger, (half lion, half tiger).

Sometimes Granddad liked to tease us. While at the zoo I asked him: “Granddad, why do you walk like that” We were standing by the Rocky Mountain Goats. He answered, “See that ram over there?” “Yes”, I said. “Well, one of those butted me and I’ve walked this way ever since.” I believed that for many years.

Granddad Barney was very close to Heavenly Father.  He kept the promises, which he made with God, as he laid wounded on the battle field in France during World War I 4

I remember one time at family prayer when Granddad prayed, I had to look around the room to see who he was talking to. Also, Martin told me that he once walked in on him while he was saying his private prayers. Martin said, “That is when I knew that Granddad talks with God.”

Memories of 674 South, Tenth East

In December 1944 we moved to our own apartment at 674 South, Tenth East in Salt Lake City. We lived there from when I was 2 1/2 until I was about 4 1/2. I have a vague memory of traveling through an intense and frightening snow storm just before we arrived and first entered our new home on 10th East. Now I believe these two events happened a year apart. The storm when Mother drove through the blizzard in Wyoming was in November 1943.

674 South 10th East photo taken in 2006

L to R Martin, Fay and Dennis Chamberlain, 1944.

Here are some of my memories from when we lived in our home on 10th East.

I remember riding on my wheeled black horse while the older children rode much faster on their tricycles.

Some older girls (age 10 or 11) playing jacks on our driveway talking about how they love Bing Crosby.

Through the trees on the other side of Tenth East, I could see a huge mysterious red building high upon the hill.   I always wanted to explore it but never did. I was told it was a Catholic Monastery. Actually it was Judge Memorial Catholic School. It was built as hospital in 1902 and torn down in 1961.

Mysterious building I could see from my home high on a hill through the trees.

One time my mother took me in our back yard and showed me an airplane sky writing letters in the sky.

Mother got a job as waitress at Hotel Utah. She brought home her tips and and saved them in a jar. The jar was filled with silver half dollars, quarters and dimes. When I became a coin collector a few years later, I really wished I could look through those jars of coins.

Grandma Barney came to baby sit us when mother went to work. Mother always kept our floors bright and shinny by waxing them. However, this made the floors rather slippery. One time my grandmother came in and slipped and fell flat on the freshly waxed floor. I think she was OK.

My mother always told me to stand straight to improve my posture. She even had me wear a back brace for a while. Nothing worked. She showed me an old man who had osteoporosis and couldn’t stand straight. His hump was higher than his head. She said, “stand straight or some day you will look like that”. I am now 83 and my posture is neither better nor worse than when I was 3.

I had my tonsils out when I was 4 years old. My parents gave me a pop gun as a reward. Other than dental or preventative medical screenings, I have never had surgery since.

On New Year’s Eve my mother told me she saw a man today with as many noses on his face as there were days in the year. I am sure this was originally one of Granddad’s jokes.

The day the Prophet knocked on our door

My mother’s sister Ellen Barney waited for a missionary to return from the Southern States Mission. Shortly after he returned they were married on January 6, 1944. The missionary’s name was Robert Farr Smith. He was the nephew of George Albert Smith. George Albert Smith became the prophet and President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on May 21, 1945.

Rae Ellen Barney and Robert Farr Smith

President George Albert Smith

Robert Smith (my Uncle Bob) was in the Navy when their first child was born. It was a girl. They named her after Robert’s Uncle George Albert… Georgia Ann Smith. My Aunt Ellen stayed at our home on 10th East for a few weeks after the birth of their daughter.

One day in July 1945 there was a knock on our door. When mother opened the door, there was President George Albert Smith standing on our porch. He asked if he could visit his niece and new grand niece. Unfortunately, they had left by then. So he thanked my mother and went on his way.

Martin happened to be having a melt down in the background at the time. He then learned that it was the Prophet who came to our door. For many years Martin believed that the Prophet didn’t come in our home because he was having a temper tantrum.

Mother had met President Smith before this occasion. He preformed the marriage sealing ordinance in the temple for Robert and Ellen on January 6, 1944. He also attended their wedding reception where mother was in the wedding line. They were married a few days after Bob returned from his mission. On January 9, Granddad Barney recorded in his journal, “In the evening Robert Farr Smith gave his mission Report. He gave an enjoyable Talk. At Yale Ward Pres George Albert Smith also gave a fine talk.”

When the honey moon was over, Robert Smith reported for active duty. On February 9, he boarded the train for Farragut, Idaho for boot camp and training. He became a Pharmacist Mate, US Navy in the Pacific Theater.

Rae Ellen Barney Smith

Robert Farr Smith, U S Navy

Our dogs and the facts of life

My parents gave Martin a little white fluffy dog when he was sick with Rheumatic  Fever. They named her Puff.

Martin and Puff

This was a time when kids and dogs roamed free. One day I was playing in my grandparents neighborhood on Alden Street. I was horrified when I saw that Puff was stuck together with another dog. I tried to pull them apart, but I couldn’t. This was very upsetting to me and I ran to tell my mother. Anyway, Puff soon came home on her own. To my immense surprise, somehow they got untangled and she seemed quite happy.

Coincidently, about two months later Puff had a litter of puppies. Unlike their mother, they had short hair, and all of them were white with large black or brown spots. Grandfather Harry Chamberlain came to our house to cut off their tails. He carried out this procedure down stairs in our basement. I am not sure why they did this, it is just something they did back then for certain breeds.

We kept one of the pups and named her Twigs. I told my mother “She has the cutest face in the world”. We gave one of the pups to my Aunt Carol. Even though the puppy was female, they named her “Chico” after another dog that Carol loved.

Dennis and Martin with puppies, from left two right 1 unknown name, 2 Twigs, 3 unknown name, 4 Chico.

Twigs lived only about two years, but Chico had a very long life of over15 years. When we moved to Holladay in 1948, Kirk and Carol (Barney) Brimley and Chico lived across the street from us. Chico loved to fetch, but not sticks nor balls. She would only chase rocks. She would bring you a rock and would not stop barking until you threw it. When she was old, her teeth were completely worn away.

The End of the War

Mother got her news about the war by going to the movies.  There was always a 15 minute newsreel between movie features.  She had been comforted by a spiritual impression she had in the temple that Dad would return from the war.

Belgium, January 1945

Captain Ernest Chamberlain, Sargeant Yoakum and Sargeant Tewell.

In September 1944, the war was going well for the Allies. They swept across Belgium and plunged through the heavily fortified Siegfried line in Germany. Progress was slow and the weather was bitter cold as they pushed into Germany. Then on December 16 they were hit by Hitler’s counter offensive. The Germans broke through the U.S. Army 8th Corps and back into Belgium driving a wedge between the British and U.S. forces. It was a complete surprise. This became known as the Battle of the Bulge.

This was a terrifying time for the family. Mother had just moved into our apartment on 10th East, but then sought comfort by temporarily moving back in with her parents. After the December 16 counter offensive, Mother didn’t hear from Dad until January 2. Robert Chamberlain (my Dad’s young brother) remembers his family gathering around the phone everyday to hear the hourly update of those who were killed or wounded in action. The “Bulge” was finally contained in early January 1945 after 60,000 Allied casualties.

Victory in Europe (V-E Day) came with the unconditional surrender of Germany on May 8, 1945. However, celebration was subdued as he war continued in the Pacific. Victory over Japan came three months later on August 14, 1945 (in US time zones). Salt Lake City then erupted in spontaneous celebration.

Spontaneous celebration in Salt Lake City, August 14, 1944.

Mother took us down town which was packed with celebraters and their cars. I have never seen people so happy and excited. Cars were honking.  People were hugging, kissing and dancing in the street as confetti rained down from the windows of tall buildings.

One year later, in August 1946, I was very excited to go to the anniversary celebration of this event in downtown Salt Lake. My father marched in a military parade. However, unlike the year before, everything was calm and quiet. I was disappointed.

Captain Chamberlain returns home

The train depot became very familiar to me during the war and I don’t remember our visit there to greet my father in October, 1945. My first memory of my father was when I woke up the next morning and heard the sounds of a strange man gargling in the bathroom.

Fay and Captain Ernest Chamberlain

In December several large mysterious wooden boxes arrived by Rail Express. Two men struggled to get them down to our basement and damaged the stairs in the process. The land lord was unhappy about the damage and would not renew the rental agreement. Dad tried to compensate him for the damage, but to no avail. Dad believed this was actually an excuse to get new tenants and thereby be allowed to raise the rent.

The stack of boxes in the middle of the basement floor seemed huge to me as a 3 year-old. They contained 2 feet by 3 feet uncut pages for 600 copies of Dad’s “951st F. A. Battalion History”. Dad had no experience in writing, but Colonel Isenberg knew Captain Chamberlain always finished what he started. Dad made a request for typists, photographers and map draftsmen. By working night and day they got the manuscript ready. Another unit had agreed to print and publish the book free of charge. However, they received orders to return to the US, so Dad had to find a way to have it assembled and printed in bombed out Germany. He almost missed his ship to get this done between VE Day and October, 1945. (“My Constant Companion and Prayer” by Ernest M. Chamberlain Sr.)

A finished copy of Dad’s book and letter Dad wrote in Germany 8/14/1945 as he waited for a printer. The letter is on a single sheet 10″ wide x 33″ long. The German typewriter had x and y interchanged from what dad was used to which showed in the letter. The letter was typed on uncut printed pages from Dad’s book.

Dad also brought home four German foot lockers, some music boxes and two Nazi ceremonial swords with handles that had a lion head with ruby eyes. A few years later Martin and I would play with these swords including having a few sword fights. Martin always played with the male lion head sword and mine was the female lion head. When our parents in their old age moved from our home on Kentucky Avenue in about 2006, they gave Martin the male and Dennis the female to keep and to pass down to our sons and grandsons. I asked my father where he got the swords. He answered in one word. “Nordhausen.”

Swords Dad brought home from Germany

Dad got a job in November 1945. One time Mother had to stop by at his work. He was behind the counter and asked if we would like an ice cream cone, which he made for us. I was very proud and pleased that my dad was an Ice Cream clerk. Actually, he was an an accountant for Colville Ice Cream Manufacturing Co. He worked there until May 1946.

Christmas 1945, the dream comes true

“I have always dreamed of the day when the kids would rush in and say ‘Santa’s been here.’ And then go to the doorway and watch the kids go thru the presents. There you would be standing next to me- my family” (Ernest’s letter to Fay Chamberlain, Belgium, 31 January 1945)

This was the day Dad could only dream about for over three years.5   Christmas day 1945. The family was finally together. On Christmas eve, we put cookies out for Santa. Martin and I were excited as we lay in bed trying to fall asleep. We were sure we heard Santa’s sleigh on the roof of our house. Was it really Santa? Just our imagination? Or was Dad prankishly responsible for the sound effects? This remains a family mystery that may never be resolved.

Our socks hanging over the fire place were filled with candy and nuts and many presents surrounded the tree. Dad made for Martin and me a beautiful doll house. It had two stories with carpeted stairs, window shutters, real electric lights, and an opening front door. This may have been the project he had in mind before I was born. He was very disappointed that I wasn’t a girl. But I loved it anyway.

It reminded me of the house of “Timothy the Mouse” (a book from the movie Dumbo). In his house, postage stamps served as wall pictures and a wooden tread spool as a table. My other favorite books were “Poky Little Puppy”, “Ferdinand the Bull” and “Hooker’s Holiday” (It is the story about a mischievous monkey, not the other one).

The Study Group

Our 10th East family history would not be compete without mentioning the origin of the Study group. While in the Emerson Ward, four couples formed a study group. They met each week to read the scriptures together. They all moved away to various locations in the Salt Lake Valley but continued the study group once a month in their new homes. They became life long friends. They traveled as a group to Hawaii and New York, and had annual family parties. They were Ernest and Fay Chamberlain, Lloyd and Nola Stevens, Rodney and Jane Moore, Lowell and Kathy Bagley. Martin and I became good friends with Bobby and Larry Stevens.

The Runaways

Sometimes Martin would get upset with our parents. When he was really angry he would threaten to run away from home. Mother would always say to him. “OK, Martin you can go!” Martin always came back crying, “No Mommy, I don’t want to leave you.”

One time I was upset and threatened to run away. Mother said, “OK, go!” What she didn’t know was I was prepared. I knew how to do it! I had watched Uncle Rhemes and Brer Rabbit. I packed up a toy and couple of snacks in my red bandana and tied them on a stick. I put them over my shoulder and was on my way. As I was heading up Seventh South in the general direction of Grandma’s house, Mom came after me and brought me back.

Brer Rabbit and Uncle Rhemes

Deanna

Deanna Fay Chamberlain

My sister Deanna was born in 1946, our family’s first baby boomer. I was not aware of the situation, but Mother and the baby’s life were in danger. The only thing I remember about this event was that children were not allowed to go into the hospital. Therefore, Dad showed us the window of the room where Mother and the baby were. Mother and the baby were fine.

The Runaway Truck

One morning a truck lost control as it traveled south down the 10th East hill. It smashed into the house just north of us. Part of the house was knocked off its foundation and their bedroom clothing was scattered around their yard. Produce from the truck (I think it was grapefruit), was scattered all over the neighborhood. I picked some up off our lawn. If the truck was a few feet to the left, it would have missed the neighbors house and made a direct hit on our house, possibly demolishing the front living room window area where baby Deanna was or the front bedroom where Martin and I were sleeping.

Air Base Village

We moved to 710 Beach street in the Air Base Village in 1946 before Martin started school in September. These were two-story army barracks buildings converted into family housing. We lived on the second floor.

At the Air Base Village, when 4 years-old, I remember neighborhood conversations about Joe Lewis the heavy weight boxing champion; Tojo the evil Japanese leader; B29 Bombers; Atomic bombs, Atom bombs and A bombs which I thought were all different. My first telephone call I made was through an operator but I don’t remember who I called. An Iceman would deliver us a large block of ice to keep our refrigerator cold. The man in the apartment across from us at the top of the stairs liked to oil paint. He did a beautiful painting of a lion. My Aunt Ellen also did oil paintings. I was impressed with their art and really wanted to do it myself. My favorite books were “Who’s Who In the Zoo.” and “My Book House, Volume 2” my mother would read to me.

There was a recreation center two blocks away with a gym and a room where a movie projector was occasionally set up to show a movie. There was a fad of toy metal racing cars which were about ten inches long. The boys of the village would go to the gym, and with their cars on a line would run them around in circles on the gym floor. I thought this was cool and my parents got me a blue racing car #8 which was one of my favorite toys along with “Tim” my yellow teddy bear.

School

Stairway to my kindergarten classroom at Air Base Village 1947-48. General store at other end of building.

Martin started the first grade at Onequa School in 1946. This school was in the Rose Park area of Salt Lake so he rode the school bus every day. Mother and I would often go down to see him off.

I started kindergarten the next year in 1947. I went to Onequa School for one day. Someone decided that kindergarten classes could be held in the village. They found a room behind the PX (convenient store) which was about a 5 minute walk from my apartment. My Kindergarten teacher was Mrs. Strongberg. My one day at Onequa was the only day I ever rode to school on a school bus.

Martin the hero child

There was a field across the street from the barracks buildings. I enjoyed playing in this field among the flowers, butterflies and other insects and enjoyed the singing of the Meadow Larks. There was a path which cut diagonally through this field making a short cut to the recreation center and to a volunteer fire station.

One day Mother was giving  Deanna a bath in the kitchen. We looked out the window and saw flames roaring out of the second story window in the barracks directly across the alley from us. Mother told us to run and tell the fire department. Martin and I both took off running. We ran down the stairs and took the short cut across the field. I was still in the middle of the field when Martin got to the fire station. Martin rode with the firemen on the fire truck to show them where the fire was. They put the fire out quickly and saved most of the old wooden building and possibly our own building. Others called the Salt Lake City fire department which arrived twenty minutes later after the fire was out.

Air Base Village, Salt Lake City, Utah. 1. Our second floor apartment. 2. Building where the fire was. 3. Recreation center and theater. 4. Path we took to run to the volunteer fire station. 5. General store. 6. Room where I went to Kindergarten.

The dentist

Occasionally, Mother would take us to Salt Lake City on the city bus for shopping or doctors appointments and we became familiar with downtown Salt Lake City and riding the bus. When I needed some dental work, Mother was home with the baby so she had Martin take me to one of my appointments. This was a traumatic event for him because he felt responsible for my safety. I was 5 and Martin was 7 but Salt Lake was a fairly safe city in 1947.

For my next appointment, I went by myself. The dentist office was on the 10th floor of the Walker Bank Building. Mother showed me how to pay the bus driver and told me which floor to get off of the elevator. Elevators were run by an operator in a uniform who sat on a stool by the controls. I got off on the right floor but I couldn’t remember the room number. Offices were identified on a glass panel of each door. This was not much help to me because I couldn’t read. I wandered around in the hall until I found the familiar room.

As I sat in the dental chair, the dentist office was playing music on the radio. One song played was “I’m a Lonely Little Petunia in an Onion Patch”. I thought this was quite fitting for the occasion. Another song I remember from this time was “I’m Looking Over a Four Leaf Clover.”

The dentist always praised me for being such a good patient and he told this to my mother. It never really bothered me to go to a dentist. In Holladay, I went to Dr. Jolly and he was fine also.

However, when I was in Junior High School I had a lot of cavities and mother sent me to a new dentist, Dr. Orman. I then became terrified of up coming dental appointments. I dreaded dental visits because this modern dentist used Novocaine. I hate needles. The shots were painful and sometimes gave me tachycardia and then my face was numb for the rest of the day. This was horrible. When I realized that this was only done to prevent the minor discomfort of drilling, I refused the shots. I have never used Novocaine for cavities or crowns since.

On the subject of dental work, I have been under the excellent care of Dr. James Childress in Davis, California for the last 40 years. I was one of his first patients. At 83 years, I still have all my teeth. (Wisdom teeth excluded)

The Days of ’47 Celebration

Pioneer Day, the 24th of July, is a Utah holiday celebrating the arrival of Brigham Young and the first pioneers to enter the Salt Lake Valley. 1947 was the Centennial “Days of ’47” celebration. That year, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reached the milestone of one million members, about 600,000 of them lived in Utah and southern Idaho. We were still really a Utah pioneer church.

My mother’s family were all pioneers. Archie Barney’s parents James Henry Barney and Emily Tolton were children when they came across the plains in the 1850s. Archie’s grandfather, Lewis Barney, was in the 1847 company led by Brigham Young. As a scout, Lewis Barney entered the valley on July 22, two days before Young and the main group of saints. My grandmother Livonia Barney’s grandparents, the Adams and the Izatts joined the church in Scotland6  The men had worked in the coal mines since they were 10 years-old. They made their voyage and trek to Zion in the 1860s.7 They settled in Logan, Utah where they met and married and raised their families.8

Ernest Chamberlain (wit beard) and Deanna Chamberlain at Air Base Village Swing Set.

The Centennial was a huge event which lasted all year. Normally clean shaven men grew beards, including Dad and Granddad Barney. The annual  parade in Salt Lake City had to be held twice. Once on the morning of July 23 and again in the evening of July 24. Even with two parades, it was very crowded.

The Holladay 3rd ward had their own parade. I walked the parade route with other Primary children around the ward meetinghouse in my Indian costume. (We still lived at the air base, however, our membership was in the Holladay because we owned property there.)

Centennial events included an reenactment of the Pony Express mail exchange in Utah, a pageant in the Salt Lake Tabernacle “The Message of the Ages”, and a musical featuring Broadway Stars and a cast of 150 titled “Promised Valley.”

Our family attended the “Promised Valley” musical at the University of Utah stadium. I’m sure it was a fine show. However, the only thing I remember about this event is that somebody bought me some Cracker Jacks and the prize in the box was a plastic model train car.

The main event was the unveiling and dedication of the new “This is the place monument”. There were 50,000 in attendance, about 1/10 of the population of Utah. I was with Aunt Ellen’s family that day and went with them. They found a place to park but it was a long ways away from the monument. We sat on top of the car to get a view. We were on the other side of the Hogle Zoo. I couldn’t see the activities of the dedication very well, but I had a great view of the Polar Bears in the canyon below.

On top of car to watch unveiling and dedication of “This is the Place” Monument.

Indian costume worn in Holladay 3rd Ward Parade and at other “Days of 47” activities.

First Class commemorative stamp issued for the 1947 centennial.

Our lot in Holladay

While we were living at Air Base Village, Dad bought some property in Holladay, Utah. It was one-third of an acre on Kentucky Avenue one-half mile east of Holladay Boulevard. He purchased the land in 1947 for $900.

There was no bridge over an irrigation canal so vehicles had to enter the lots from what we called 48th South and Spring Creek Road. Dad and other men of the neighborhood worked together to built a plank bridge across the canal to connect the properties to Kentucky Avenue east of Wander Lane. Kentucky Avenue was then made into a gravel county road. Water trucks would spray it occasionally to reduce dust.

Our lot was the third of six lots east of the canal, and on the north side of the street. Kirk Brimley, who was engaged to be married to Carol Barney, bought a lot on the south side of the street directly across from ours. At that time, there was only scrub oak, sagebrush and wild sunflowers east of our  neighborhood.  Looking to the south-east from our lot was a majestic view of Mount Olympus.

Kirk L Brimley and Carol Barney Brimley

View of Mt Olympus from our lot. (Photo taken in 2024)

Dad had the lot graded making about 3/4 of the lot level and a ridge along our western property line. To firm the soil between the properties, Dad made a beautiful three foot high stone retaining wall. Martin and I helped. We gathered rocks from Wasatch Boulevard and assisted Dad as he cemented the rocks in place. This was our first property improvement. Today it is the only Chamberlain family construction on the property to remain intact. (2026)

Dad was working for a public accountant but he was laid off in May, 1947. He started his own firm. He did well enough as a self-employed accountant to support the family while building a home on our lot in his spare time. He did not have professional building experience, but was talented and very thorough.

Dad on the roof working on our first house in Holladay. 1947

A cement truck came to pour the 22′ x 24′ concrete slab for ground floor, however a crew Dad was expecting didn’t show up. Dad had to work all day in the wet concrete.  He didn’t have any protective boots. This caused his ankles to be burned and scraped. They became infected and he had to stay in bed for a several of weeks to overcome some blood poisoning. He couldn’t keep up the accounting work and eventually lost all of his clients.

In the summer of 1948 we moved into our new home. In September, I started the first grade and Martin started the third at Holladay elementary school. That month, Dad got a new job as an accountant for Utah Construction Company.

Top row: Ernest M. Chamberlain, Kirk L. Brimley, Carol Barney Brimley, Dean Barney, Robert Farr Smith. Bottom row: Martin Chamberlain, Fay Barney Chamberlain, Deanna Chamberlain (baby), Archie F. Barney, Livonia Adams Barney, Georgia Ann Smith (child), Ellen Barney Smith, Dennis Chamberlain, 1947.

Related links from “The Chamberlain Story”:

1. (29- Ernest and Fay Chamberlain Family During WWII 1942)  “Dean Barney to the rescue”, December 14, 1942″

2. (28- Ernest M. Chamberlain after Pearl Harbor)  “Martin seemed to know what was happening but no one would listen”

3. (27- Fay Barney Chamberlain: Dating and Marriage.) “Ernest Chamberlain and Jack Chamberlin”

4.  E15- Alexander Spowart Izatt, Part 3- Cache Valley  “Argonne offensive, September 26, 1918”

5. E11- Dad’s Hope for Our Best Christmas Ever, 1942

6. E13- Alexander Spowart Izatt, Part 1- Scotland to Zion

7. E14- Alexander Spowart Izatt, Part 2- Seven Pathways to Zion

8. E15 Alexander Spowart Izatt, Part 3- Cache Valley

References:

Information for this post is from the memory of the author, Dennis Chamberlain,  letters written in the 1940s by Fay Chamberlain, Ernest Chamberlain, Archie Barney, Livonia Barney. “Selected Journals of Archie Fay Barney” transcribed by Deanna Chamberlain Grant and others, Interviews with Fay and Ernest Chamberlain on DVD, recorded in 1984 and 1988 by Lyle Brent Chamberlain, and one recorded in 2008 by Dennis Chamberlain. A family interview with Robert Chamberlain in 2018 recorded by Dennis Chamberlain. “My Memories of the Miracles” by Fay Chamberlain, “My Constant Companion and Prayer” by Ernest M. Chamberlain Sr,, and “My Life’s Work”, the Autobiography of Ernest Martin Chamberlain, Jr.

© Copyright Dennis D. Chamberlain, The Chamberlain Story, 2020. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of the written content of this site without express and written permission from the author and owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that credit is given to Dennis D. Chamberlain and direction to  www.thechamberlainstory.com.

14A (D5)- Winona Marie Rose Nadeau, A New Twist to Spencer Chamberlain’s Family History

Alexis Nadeau and Marie Ursule Gueret dit Dumont are Spencer Chamberlain’s grandparents. This is based on recently discovered DNA evidence which I will explain later in this post. This new DNA evidence connects two life stories, solves a 250-year-old mystery and shatters a cherished Chamberlain family tradition. My conclusions for this report are based on scientific evidence, historic facts and recorded family history.

On October 22, 1758, Alexis Nadeau married Marie Dumont. They lived in Kamouraska, a beautiful village in Québec, nestled on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River. The name “Kamouraska” is an Algonquin word which means “where rushes grow at the water’s edge.”1

Kamouraska, Quebec today

The Battle of Quebec

Less than one year after their marriage, there was an historic battle for the control of North America. Fifty British warships and 150 transports sailed up the Saint Lawrence past Kamouraska. They were heading toward Quebec City 100 miles further up the river. On July 12, 1759, three thousand British troops, under the command of General James Wolfe, scaled the cliffs to the Plains of Abraham. The British formed their battlelines in traditional European warfare manner. The French regulars and French Militia also formed their lines. The French’s allies, the Indians, picked off British troops in the flanks from cover in the nearby brush. The French charged but were mowed down by the British who held their fire until the enemy were only a few paces away.2

Battle of Quebec

After the defeat at Quebec, the power of the French in North America was on the decline and the bond between the French and Indians began to weaken.

The Nadeau Family

Alexis Nadeau was 25-years-old and likely served in the French Militia at that time. The Nadeau family were French. The Catholic Church maintained excellent records, and all their family lines trace back to Mother France. They had 13 children, 7 boys and 6 girls. All had a baptism record. Their infant baptism date gives us an approximate date of their birth. All these children lived their entire lives close to their home in Quebec, Canada. That is, all except for one child, Marie Rose Nadeau.

Marie Rose Nadeau is their first child. She was born in 1761 and some believe she died sometime before 1775. Her parents definitely believed she died because in 1778 they gave their 11th child her name, Marie Rose. It was customary, at the time, to repeat a name of a deceased sibling.

What really happened to Marie Rose Nadeau?

Chamberlain legends and family history paint a picture of what happened to Marie Rose Nadeau. We don’t know the details, and can only imaging the grief of her parents when Marie Rose disappeared. One thing we do know, however, is that she was not dead. We know this because she is my 4th great-grandmother.

DNA results combined with our recorded family traditions give powerful evidence that Rose Marie Nadeau was captured by Indians when she was a baby or very young child. They gave her a new name by which she became known to the Chamberlain family as “Winona”.

I believe that Spencer Chamberlain’s mother, Winona, was a French girl raised by Indians. She probably believed she was an Indian. It is certain that her family believed that she was.

Spencer Chamberlain’s family believed Winona was and Indian

Spencer Chamberlain’s daughter, Jeanette Chamberlain Phillips, described her father in a poem she wrote in 1860. “Though fair in the face and soft was his hair, the blood of the red man still lingered there”.3

In 1927, Jeanette’s son, Alonzo Chamberlain Phillips, sent a package of information and photos to his “cousins in the west”. At the end of a two page, type written family history, he wrote by hand, “Spencer Chamberlain’s mother was a full blooded Iroquois.”4

Harry Alonzo Phillips’ 1929 poem about Runaway Pond indicates that he also believed Winona was 100% Indian. He wrote of Spencer, “Was born in seventeen-eighty-six, Half Red, half white, as blood did mix.”5

In 1815, Spencer Chamberlain’s Army discharge paper described him as “6 feet high, Light Complexion, Blue eyes and Black hair.”6  Since Spencer Chamberlain had blue eyes, I have always believed his mother Winona was part French. However, like everyone else in my family I believed she was an Indian. I now believe, based on new DNA evidence and our strong family traditions, that Winona was a French girl raised by Indians. Also, that she lived the way of the Indians, spoke their language and that she believed she was an Indian.

How John Chamberlain met Winona

This unpublished tradition about John Chamberlain is further evidence that Winona was raised by Indians. My uncle Robert Chamberlain revealed this information in a family interview. We met at the home of Robert and Louise Chamberlain on March 5, 2019. In attendance were: Robert Chamberlain and his wife Louise, my brother Lyle Brent Chamberlain, my sister Deanna Chamberlain Grant, my daughter Lara Chamberlain and myself Dennis Chamberlain.

Robert reported what he remembered from his father Harry Chamberlain. Harry lived with his grandfather Alonzo Chamberlain until he was 10 years old. Alonzo was the son of Spencer Chamberlain, the son of John and Winona.

“John Chamberlain, he was a frontiersman, dad said. He did not like people very well and if the frontier came within 50 miles, he would move. He just liked being by himself, well I can see why he married an Indian. But he was very, very respected because he was a super sharp shooter and John was also a super runner….  He dealt a lot with the Indians, dad said, and they more or less accepted him in the tribe.  But he was so fast that he would out run the braves, so John had to slow down a little to make sure the Indians would win sometimes. So I guess that carried on, on to Spencer.”

“Dad told me too that…. the villagers respected him so much because he would be able to communicate between the Indians and them. But apparently they feared John, the Indians feared John, so in him to their little community he was their life guard. He was such a sharp shooter and knew the Indian’s style….  That is about what he told me.” – Robert Chamberlain

My eight-year DNA search for Winona began in 2017

In 2017, my daughter, Lara, took the “23andMe” DNA test which showed she has a small amount of Indian ancestry. This encouraged me to send in my own DNA sample with the hope I could discover more about my 4th great grandmother’s Indian heritage. The report was very disappointing. It said I had zero indigenous American ancestry. It turned out that Lara inherited hers from her mother. My wife thought this was hilarious.

23andme DNA Report

I was confident of my Indian ancestry. Therefore, I dismissed the 23andme report as some kind of sampling error. About 1% to 2% of my DNA comes from Winona, so I continued my search to find DNA matches who were descendants of Winona’s family.

The Descendants of Chief Madockawando

In July 2017, I published a hypothetical story about Winona based on family history in Maine which suggested that the Penobscots of Maine might be her family.

A French Barron, Jean-Vincent D’Abbadie-de-St-Castin, was adopted into the tribe and married two of Chief Madockawando’s daughters. They had a large progeny, all of whom likely carried the recessive blue-eyed allele, which, I speculated, may have been passed down to Spencer Chamberlain.

In 2019, Harold Myshrall invited me to join his new Facebook group  “The Descendants of Chief Madockawando.”. The members of the group were very kind. They were interested in my story and were willing to help me. Many listed their pedigree through various family lines back to Chief Madockawando.

I did not find a direct connection to any of these lines. However, many of my DNA matches had French names like the members of this Facebook group. When the French converted the Indians to the Catholic faith, they gave them Christian (French) names. Their recorded French names became permanently established. Since all of my other pedigree names are British or Swedish, this gave me an important lead.

Ancestry.com DNA Matches

I have 64,581 Ancestry.com DNA matches, 26,854 of these matches were from my father’ line. (Matches are persons who have at least one segment of DNA on their chromosomes that matches my DNA). This indicates we have an ancestor in common. About 3% of matches from my fathers line should be descendants of my 4th great-grandmother Winona’s family.

I selected matches from my father’s line who were distant relatives with very large, publicly available, family tree charts, (5000 names or more). When I found French names, I expanded the chart to the sixth or seventh generation. Any DNA segment or segments that we have in common will pass down the pedigree chart through at least one person in every generation.

I was looking for the generation of Winona’s parents. Since Spencer Chamberlain was born in 1786, my estimate for Winona’s birth year was between 1740 to 1770. Couples bearing children within this range were the generation of Winona’s parents.

Then I analyzed and printed out the pedigree charts of several different DNA matches. Names of some couples in these pedigree charts reoccurred several times on different people’s charts. One of these reoccurring couples, in the right generation, was likely Winona’s parents.

Ancestry.com ThruLines

Thru Lines is a program that uses Ancestry customer pedigree charts, linked with customer DNA results, to predict ancestry. Customers who have DNA segments which match yours can help predict your ancestry pedigree.

I found about 10 to 15 couples who possibly were Winona’s parents. I began to enter these in my pedigree chart as Winona’s parents one couple at a time. It takes Ancestry’s ThruLines computers about 24 hours to calculate and show the number of matches for each couple.

Winona’s parents are my fifth great-grand-parents. All of my matches through Winona’s parents are descendants of one of Winona’s siblings. Most of these matches are my sixth cousins. Closer cousins are not available because none of Winona’s direct ancestors know who her parents are. Therefore, they are not recorded in Ancestry.

Husband and wife are rated individually. Since both biological parents are related to their children, they generally have the same number of matches. On the other hand, uncles and aunts will show more matches for the DNA relative. Couples that show O or 1 match are distantly related or unrelated.

DNA will not tell us which child of the family is Winona. We can only guess this by determining which sibling best fits what we know about her.

Results

A different set of possible parents were entered each day into my Ancestry pedigree chart. The matches were observed 24 hours later in Ancestry “ThruLines”.

Most couples showed 0 to 1 matches. However, the following couples have 4 to 9 matches, showing they have a strong relationship to Winona.  All of the following couples have children born between 1740 to 1770 which is Winona’s likely birth range.

Names, birth years and number of matches:

1- Michel Gueret Dumont 1708  (9 matches), Marie Rose Levasseur 1711 (9 matches)

2- Jean Baptiste Gueret Dumont 1711 (7 Matches), Madeleine De La Bouitier 1730 (0 matches).

3- Alexis Nadeau 1701 (4 matches), Marie Ann Albert 1709 (4 matches).

Husband and wife #1 have equal number of matches, as does couple #3. Therefore, these couples are candidates as Winona’s possible parents. In couple #2, Jean Dumont has 7 matches and his wife has 0. This indicates he could be Winona’s uncle. As it turns out, Jean Dumont is Michel Dumont’s brother.

Couple #1 had three sons and five daughters. Two daughters died as infants and have death and burial records. The other three daughters were married and raised a family and died in Canada. Therefore, none of these are strong candidates to be Winona.

Couple #3 had five sons and six daughters. Five daughters raised families in Kamouraska, three of these women were too old to be Winona. One daughter died as a child and has a recorded death date. Likewise, none of these daughters are strong candidates to be Winona.

However, I was electrified to find that a daughter from couple #1 married a son of couple #3. This is a strong indication that couples #1 and #3 are Winona’s grandparents!!!

Winona’s parents and grandparents in Ancestry. ThruLines predicts additional generations.

Winona’s family

Alexis Nadeau and Marie Ursule Gueret dit Dumont are the son and daughter of couple #3 and #1 respectively. I entered their name in my pedigree chart as Winona’s parents. Ancestry DNA ThruLines showed that I have 9 DNA matches for both of her parents! That means that I have 9 sixth cousins who are descendants from both her mother and her father through four different siblings. Also, I have a total of 13 sixth or seventh cousins who are descendants of their parents, Winona’s grandparents.

Father and mother both show 9 DNA matches in Ancestry’s ThruLines

Next, I had to determine if they had a child who matches what we know about Winona. I had to find a daughter born between 1740 and 1770.

They had thirteen children. Twelve of the children have a record of their specific location and date they died. Ten of twelve were married and raised a family. Two boys died as children. All twelve lived and died in Quebec.

Six of their children were daughters, three are too young to be Winona. Five were married and raised a family. Only one of these daughters stand out as one who could be Winona.

Their oldest child was Marie Rose Nadeau. Her infant baptism date is July 21, 1761. However, that is the only record of her. There are no marriage, death or burial records for her. Somehow, she just disappeared.

They assume she died sometime before 1775. But, that is not correct. She gave birth to Spencer Chamberlain eleven years later when she was 25-years-old.

Conclusions:

The Nadeau family is well documented in Family Search. To my surprise, every line goes back all the way to France.

I was looking for an Indian girl who’s family had been given a French name. Ironically, I found a French girl who had been given and Indian name. The Chamberlain family knows her as “Winona”.

I am sorry this discovery may be quite a shock for some, as it was to me. Perhaps, like myself, you may even experience a minor identity crisis. I believed I was part Indian all my life. Nevertheless, new DNA evidence combined with our family tradition tells us that Winona is a little French girl who was raised by Indians.

On the other hand, I am very happy that I found Marie Rose Nadeau, my French 4th great-grandmother, who has been missing for over 250 years.

References:

(1) https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kamouraska-que

(2) The Battle of Quebec, Full Movie, (2009) Noel Burton, Arthur Holden, Marcel Jeannin https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Osj47uHJkUs

(3) Poem by Jeanette Chamberlain Phillips, daughter of Spencer Chamberlain, written in 1860 to defend her father as the hero of Runaway-Pond.

(4) Alonzo Chamberlain Phillips packet of family information sent Dec. 21, 1927. His letter began “Dear cousins in the West”. He apparently sent this information to the families of Amanda Chamberlain Warren and John Harry Chamberlain. Both families lived in Spencer, Iowa at the time.

(5) From Harry Alonzo Phillips poem about Runaway written in1929. Harry Phillips is the grandson of Spencer Chamberlain.

(6) Spencer Chamberlain’s Army discharge papers, 1815